When Human Diet Costs too Much Biodiversity as the Ultimate Answer to the Global Problems

Introduction. Eat, Pray, Leave: A Consumerist Approach to Nature There is no denial that people have been taking nature for granted for too long. Because of the unreasonable use of the natural resources, environmental pollution and inadequate protection (WWF, n. d.), people have led a number of species to extinction; moreover, due to the increasing rates of consumerist approach towards the food which nature provides for people, the number of species has started decreasing even more rapidly. Therefore, people have either to reconsider their diet, or to watch most of the animals and plants disappearing fast.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on When Human Diet Costs too Much: Biodiversity as the Ultimate Answer to the Global Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Problem, Unveiled: The Self-Centered Humankind Despite the obvious progress, people cannot control the natural processes. Therefore, it is extremely dan gerous to intrude into the latter. Once having started to use natural resources, people will never be able to stop. Because of careless attitude towards the small amount of natural resources and huge rates of consummation, some species are already extinct, and some have become highly endangered. The issue concerns not only plants, but also animals and fish (Landais, 2007, January 26). Eating whatever they want, people have been disregarding the fact that natural resources are exhaustible. According to O’Sullivan, the recent event in Italy revealed the rates of people’s negligence towards nature: â€Å"The country’s foreign minister, Franco Frattini, commented that the banquet was distasteful at a time when Italy’s bears are ‘almost extinct and we are trying with great effort to bring them back to the mountains that have hosted them for centuries’† (O’Sullivan, n. d.). Because of high rates of fish consummation, a number of fish has become endangered. Yet these species are still consumed. Moreover, to produce enough veal and beef, people have to use the nature’s forest resources as pastures. The above-mentioned leads to forest destruction. Finally, the lack of balance between the consumed food and the feedback to the nature leads to a natural crisis. The latter can finally drive to a planet-scale catastrophe. Evaluating the Consequences: The Game Is not Worth the Candles Before proceeding with the solutions, people have to ask themselves a question, â€Å"How did this happen?† To understand why the consumerist attitudes have taken such a drastic scale, one must consider the way people treat natural resources. The example above shows that people have a great problem in their relationships with nature. The problem is that the humankind has been taking nature for granted.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Probable Solutions: Helping Rare and Endangered Species As it has been mentioned above, the consequences of a thoughtless use of natural resources will be drastic. Even now, one can track some of the outcomes of people’s eating habits. For example, the following species have disappeared completely over the past few decades: However, there is no time to panic. Even at the given stage, there is a way out. To start with, people should practice sustainability approach. Using natural resources only when necessary, people will be able to right the wrongs. In addition, it will be needed to contribute to nature as opposed to constant consummation. Spreading awareness, one can enhance the process: â€Å"More than one million people have now watched  The End of the Line, a groundbreaking expose of the consequences of overfishing, according to an evaluation of the film’s impact† (Levitt Thomas, 2011, February 18). Speaking of the endangered species, people should reconsider their ration, indeed, to save the former. There are several ways to do so. Vegetarianism is the most radical approach. However, it will not suit anyone. Another method to solve the problem is the approach of biodiversity. Guided by the principle of giving back to the environment as much as people take away from it, sustainability approach presupposes that biodiversity should be encouraged with the help of developing a reasonable diet for people. Providing enough elements which are vital for people does not mean that the endangered species should be used as food or resources for fur and leather products. While providing people with the necessary vitamins and minerals, one can still take care of the endangered species. The latter can be substituted by the species which are quite numerous. Giving the endangered species a couple of centuries to repopulate, one will be able to make the natural resources plentiful again. Conclusion: There Is Still Some Hope Left. Biodive rsity and Sustainable Environmental Policies As it has been mentioned previously, there is a way out of this complicated situation. People need to understand that their self-centeredness is self-defeating. Moreover, the focus on the consumerist approach will finally kill not only people, but also the remaining species. Therefore, the way people eat must be reconsidered once and for all. It is unreasonable to make all people survive on bread and water. However, at present, the world is in another extreme. Eating everything what they please, people destroy the delicate balance of nature. Therefore, not only what we eat, but also how we eat must be changed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on When Human Diet Costs too Much: Biodiversity as the Ultimate Answer to the Global Problems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reference List Landais, E. (2007, January 26). 40% of food ‘is genetically modified.’ Web. Le vitt, T. Thomas, A. (2011, February 18). The End of the Line: How a film changed the way we eat fish. The Guardian. Web. O’Sullivan, F. (n. d.). Threatened species on the menu worldwide. Web. WWF (n. d.). Threats to oceans and coasts. Web. This essay on When Human Diet Costs too Much: Biodiversity as the Ultimate Answer to the Global Problems was written and submitted by user Ben L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Essays

Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Essays Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Paper Cultural Relativism or Ethical Imperialism Paper Edited by Claude E. Welch, Jr. Belmont Ca. : Duxbury Press, 1971. Shaw, William H. and Barry, Vincent. Moral Issues in Business, 7th Ed. Belmont CA. : Wadsworth, 1998. Stone, Walter J. Republic at Risk. Belmont CA: Wadsworth, 1990 Throneberg, Cathy with Harder, Cliff. â€Å"Bribery: Coming to terms with a moral dilemma. † Evangelical Missions Quarterly. Vol. 35, No. 1 (January 1999): 35-37. Versi, Anver. On corruption and corrupters. † African Business, (November 1996): 7. Vogl, Frank. â€Å"The supply side of global bribery. † Finance Development, Vol. 35, No. 2 (June 1998): 30-33. (20) Ward, Peter M. , Editor. Corruption, Development and Inequality: Soft Touch or Hard Graft? New York: Routledge, 1989. Weber, James, and Getz, Kathleen. â€Å"Buy Bribes or Bye-Bye Bribes: The Future Status of Bribery in International Commerce. † Business Ethics Quarterly, Vol. 14, Issue 4 (2004): 695-711. Wertheime r, Alan. Coercion. Princeton University Press, 1987. Wilkens, Steve. Beyond Bumper Sticker Ethics. Downers Grove, Il: IVP, 1995. (21) APPENDIX Notes on the Literature The objectives of this paper have been to analyze the morality of bribery and corruption and to help the Christian professional acquire the beginnings of wisdom in dealing with the challenges of this difficult ethical issue. The author hopes that many professors will be able to use this paper to incorporate a module on bribery and corruption into courses in ethics, international business, business policy, etc. It is hoped that some will even be motivated to extend this research and that the extensive reference list will be helpful in this regard. John Noonan? s voluminous work, Bribes, is the definitive Judeo-Christian analysis of the topic, and is recommended as a primary reference. Bernard Adeney offers an alternative Christian viewpoint which is rooted in praxis, relies heavily on the analytical frameworks of moral philosophy as opposed to Noonan? s more theological treatment, and reaches more relativistic and less deontological conclusions. DeGeorge and Donaldson are the two secular ethicists who have reflected most extensively on this topic in the international business context. Paolo Mauro? seminal research on the relationship between economic development and corruption in the mid 1990? s influenced the World Bank and IMF to become activists in the fight against corruption, and undoubtedly gave impetus to the increasing activism of the OECD. Gray and Kaufmann of the World Bank provide a helpful overview of the economic costs of corruption and its impact on economic development in their 1998 paper. The Weber and Getz pap er in Business Ethics Quarterly in late 2004 gives the best current review of the academic literature on bribery and of the status of the global efforts to curb bribery and corruption. One will quickly discover that the literature on the micro level (that is, directed at personal and organizational decision makers) tends to delineate the extent of bribery and analyze its morality rather than to offer any practical suggestions to the ethical individual or firm for coping with the reality of corruption in a fallen world. The works of Gesteland and DeGeorge cited in this paper are the rare exceptions that offer extremely helpful coping mechanisms illustrated by numerous cases. The academic literature, as elaborated below, focuses its attention on the macro policy initiatives which can be taken by governments and international trade and financial organizations. These macro considerations don? t offer much help to the company negotiating a transnational contract or to the mission organization seeking visas or government permits. For the most part I have observed that Christian organizations maintain a deafening silence on this topic even though international missions and humanitarian aid professionals obviously encounter excruciating pressures to bribe or submit to extortion as they pursue their missions. In this light Evangelical Missions Quarterly is to be commended for devoting its January 1999 issue to several provocative articles dealing with bribery. Those teaching classes in Auditing, Business Law, or Forensic Accounting and those concerned with compliance with current regulations regarding bribery will find two papers published in 2004 to be especially helpful. Johnstone, Brown and Wickizer provide a comprehensive review of the legislative response to bribery in the USA and UK including a fairly detailed description of applicable regulatory provisions. Herz and Larson explore the accounting and internal control (22) requirements of the FCPA for companies and discuss tools that internal auditors can use to assess and deal with the risk that illegal payments will be made by their organizations in connection with international activities. They advocate the use of the Bribe Payers Index (BPI) published by Transparency International. Finally, in view of the restricted focus of this paper as outlined above, let me point out that my references do not attempt to survey the extensive literature on bribery dealing with structural and cultural elements of causation on both the supply and demand sides of corruption nor the public policy initiatives which might help ameliorate the problem. The 2004 paper of Sanyal and Samanta would provide a sample of this class of literature and its list of references would provide a helpful starting point for further research. They conclude: â€Å"There is a strong positive correlation between countries where bribes taking is highly prevalent and those countries that are most likely to offer bribes. The propensity to give bribes is determined by economic factors such as per capita income and degree of economic freedom in the country, cultural factors such as power distance and masculinity, and legal-regulatory factors such as accounting and tax treatment of bribes† (Abstract). â€Å"Countries with high scores on power distance, masculinity, and uncertainty avoidance are perceived to be more corrupt† (11). The paper by Janos Bertok, a functionary of OECD, provides another example of this literature. He outlines OECD initiatives in the fight against corruption with some specificity and argues for structural reform. â€Å"In OECD work on public sector ethics, corruption is seen as more than individual criminal actions, but rather the result of systematic failure and a management problem. This is manifested by lowquality legislation and by weak public institutions that do not enforce laws, and even more, fail to provide adequate control, oversight, and transparency† (Abstract). 9/6/05 (23)

Organizations and behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organizations and behavior - Essay Example For this purpose they focused on the hierarchical structure of the organization. The hierarchical structure followed by the company exhibits a Tall structure. The number of personnel reporting to each manager tends to be lesser in case of Tall structures. This results in better opportunities for the superiors to monitor and supervise the activities of the subordinates (courses.jonesinternational.edu, n.d., p.185). The employees of the organization played no role in designing and running the production lines. Also the organization followed the Taylorist style of production which refers to the mass production system. The Taylorist production approach was established by F.W.Taylor, who gave birth to Scientific Management. His school of thoughts is termed as Taylorism. Taylorism believed that any job can be learnt and taught. This theory treats the humans like machines and proposed that for the achieving higher production the management must eliminate inefficiency from its functioning. H owever, this theory completely neglects the usual complications that happen within a normal human being (Boyd, n.d). Taylorist production style supports the assembly line system where each worker performs the same task repetitively. Here the concept of division of labor was given significance and people started getting experienced in a certain domain while the rest of the production system remained unknown to them. A strict supervision policy was maintained within the organization which created distance between the management and the employees. The repetition of same task created frustration among the workers. The quality of work started to decline which affected the management adversely. In turn the employees were threatened and scolded which ultimately resulted in more and more employee turnover. The theories which were employed to channelize the changes within the organization made the Hawk Car Company to eliminate the tall hierarchical structure and instead of that, they introdu ced Adhocracy. The adhocracy structure is characterized by dynamic and organic units which have limited standardization and formalization, and is inclined toward decentralized decision making. These units are associated with least routine task and lower vertical differentiation which encourage greater responsiveness and flexibility among the employees (Robbins and Mathew, 2009, pp 199- 200). The management also took vital steps towards training the employees in such a manner so that they can gain knowledge about the entire production system. The workers were provided with the opportunity to grow in their position by better performance. The new management style took great care of the employee’s personal lives too and helped them in solving those to the possible extent. The aim of this remodeling decision was making the workforce competent and motivated about studying the process of manufacturing of the whole car and not just learning some specialized functions. These changes m ade the jobs entirely interesting and the employees felt free to approach their seniors in any case of complexity. The managers also took care of the issues arising regarding the work and paid full attention toward its solution. Team work and motivation played an important role in rectifying the conventional organizational structure that the company had been following for the past years. Question 2 McGregor suggested two management styles according to which managers regarded the work potential of their employees.